One commonly used approach is a biological treatment, where microorganisms are utilized to break down the organic matter present in the wastewater. This process typically involves the use of aerobic or anaerobic digestion systems. In aerobic systems, oxygen is provided to the microorganisms, allowing them to efficiently decompose organic compounds and convert them into carbon dioxide, water, and biomass. Anaerobic digestion, on the other hand, takes place in the absence of oxygen and produces biogas, which can be used as an energy source. Biological treatment methods are favoured for their cost-effectiveness and ability to reduce organic contaminants.

In addition to biological treatment, physical and chemical processes are also employed to treat food and beverage wastewater. Physical processes such as screening, sedimentation, and filtration help remove solid particles and suspended matter from the wastewater. This step is crucial in preventing the clogging of downstream equipment and ensuring the efficiency of subsequent treatment processes.

Chemical treatment techniques are utilized to address specific contaminants that cannot be effectively removed through biological or physical processes. Coagulation and flocculation are commonly employed to aggregate fine particles and dissolved substances, allowing them to be easily separated from the wastewater. Chemical precipitation is another technique used to remove heavy metals and certain dissolved ions by converting them into insoluble forms.